A miniaturized design of microstrip patch antenna has been proposed for significant improvement in crosspolarization purity. The way in which beamwidth is determined is shown in figure 1. Motilal nehru national institute of technology allahabad. Flat surface makes them ideal for mounting on airplane impedance matching fairly simple microstrip patch antennas have a very high antenna quality factorq. Its resistive components account for the power radiated by the antennas.
Micro strip antenna consists of a very thin metallic strip placed on a. Advancement in microstrip antennas with recent applications. Microstrip antennas have become fashionable in some wireless communications systems, such as in the use of arrays with parabolic reflectors or even in the use of a patch antenna in the back of a cellular phone, as shown in figure 5. To enhance microstrip antenna performance, it was necessary to understand the impact of the size of the omega structure serving as a lens on the radiation patterns and antenna performance. The approach can be applied to reduce the crosspolarization level of any conventional patch in working condition, but without any perturbation in the patch and the ground plane. Radiationpattern improvement of patch antennas on a large. The energy being radiated is represented by the patterns drawn in a particular direction. Microstrip patch antennas or simply patch antenna are increasingly useful because the antenna is printed directly onto a circuit board. The most popular technique for the improvement of the radiation performance of patch antennas on a largesize substrate is to construct an artificial periodic structure, such as photonic bandgap pbg or electromagnetic bandgap ebg 5, 6, surrounding the patch antenna to prevent the surface waves from propagating in the substrate. Research paper analysis and design of e shaped patch. These are very low size antennas having low radiation.
The microstrip patch antenna is probably the best characterized of the planar microwave antennas and the most frequently used, yet its radiation pattern is often far. Next well consider more aspects involved in patch microstrip antennas. Improvement of microstrip patch antenna radiation patterns. I use pin to reduce the size of patch antenna, but efficiency reduce sharply, meanwhile s11 reaches to 30 db, the max gain is about 5 dbi. Radiation pattern measurement, antenna measurement in.
For a microstrip antenna to work, you want to think the opposite thoughts that you might want to think if you were designing a microstrip mmic. Alike typical microstrip antenna, the proposed antenna is made up of a mirrored pshape slotted radiating patch, a 50. In case of satellite communication circularly polarized radiation patterns are required and can be realized using either square or circular patch. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. Then, in subsection b, the ebg structure is designed to suppress the surface waves so as to enhance the gain of the patch antenna at its functioning frequency. Beamwidth is the angular separation of the halfpower points of the radiated pattern.
The second group focused on the design and simulation of patch antennas which are widely used in cell phones today with an emphasis on optimization of a 1. Improvement of a circular microstrip antenna excited by. Bandwidth improvement using slotted triangular microstrip. Design of slotted ground hexagonal microstrip patch antenna.
Improving the efficiency of microstrip patch antennas springerlink. In the case of base station antennas array, fbr frontback ratio more than. Improvement of a circular microstrip antenna excited by four. The discussions and conclusions of this paper are helpful in designing and improving the performance of microstrip patch antennas. Radiationpattern improvement of patch antennas using a. Fundamental specifications of patch antennas radiation pattern a patch antenna radiates power in certain directions and we say that the antenna has directivity usually expressed in dbi. Radiation pattern of the microstrip patch antenna figure 3.
The transmission line model is the simplest of all and it gives good physical insight but it is less accurate 2. Effect of changes in basic parameter microstrip patch antenna on its radiation patter and other parameters can be determined by using gui. Isolation improvement of a microstrip patch array antenna for. The book discusses basic and advanced concepts of microstrip antennas, including design procedure and recent applications.
Impedance bandwidth and gain improvement for microstrip. Microstrip patch antennas typically have radiation patterns containing unwanted sidelobes or local minima caused by surface waves, especially when fabricat. Fundamental specifications of patch antennas radiation pattern the patchs radiation at the fringing fields results in a certain far field radiation pattern. Wideband unidirectional bowtie antenna with pattern improvement jiayue zhao, zhiya zhang, nengwu liu, guang fu, and shuxi gong abstracta wideband unidirectional bowtie antenna with stable radiation patterns is proposed and investigated. Compared with conventional antennas, microstrip patch antennas have. Improvement of microstrip patch antenna radiation patterns ieee.
In 20, the bandwidth of an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna has been improved by using an appropriate. Gain and radiation pattern improvement in scanning beams of a. Antenna design a crmpa is designed on a dielectric layer ro4003c substrate which has a relative permittivity and thickness of 1. Improvement of circularly polarized slotpatch antenna. Z the impedance looking into the shorted metal strip. Microstrip patch antenna array design to improve better. These results show that a microstrip patch antenna mainly radiates in the vertical direction.
Design and improvement of step slotted microstrip monopolar. The fields are linearly polarized, and in the horizontal direction when viewing the microstrip antenna as in figure 1a well see why in the next section. The aim of this paper is to improved bandwidth and return loss of a crossed monopole microstrip patch antenna and study the effect of antenna and ground dimension length l, width w and substrate parameters relative dielectric constant, substrate thickness on radiation parameters of bandwidth. All three antenna designs use rectangular microstrip patch elements with two insets and slots on both sides of the patch. A patch antenna is a narrowband, widebeam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern. A surface wave influence in radiation pattern is often considered unwanted, since it decrease the. Jun 01, 20 the radiation patterns of the hexagonal patch antenna with slot in the ground plane are simulated at 3. Microstrip antennas microstrip antennas became very popular in the 1970s primarily for space borne applications. The patch is generally made up of a conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape like rectangular, circular, triangular, elliptical or some other common shape. Typical half wave patches have efficiencies well above 90%. Abstract due to the existence of growth in development of low cost, less weight, highly reliable, minimal profile antennas. The radiation pattern is relatively narrow for a simple antenna, which makes patch antennas. The 3d radiation pattern observed for the values of patch. The basics of patch antennas, updated orban microwave.
Results the designed microstrip patch antenna with four slits and a pair of truncated corners are simulated using cadfeko for finding the electric far field radiation, gain, directivity, radiation pattern e. The patch is generally made up of a conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any. When the antenna is excited, the waves generated within the dielectric undergo reflections and the energyis radiated from the edges of the metal patch,which is very low. Performance enhancement of rectangular microstrip antenna with. In this paper, a novel compact dualband microstrip patch antenna with dual radiation modes is investigated. The designed microstrip antenna showed significant suppression of surface modes compared to conventional patch antenna, thus, improving the gain and farfield radiation pattern. The radiation patterns can be field patterns or power patterns. But illustrates sizes and importance of good antenna design why microstrip antennas. In order to increase beam shapes and antenna gains, patch array feed for the shaped dielectric lens antenna is developed. Figure 1 represents the fabricated antenna prototype alongside the schematic of the doublep shape slotted insetfed patch antenna structure. Patch antenna the idea of microstrip patch antennas arose from utilizing printed circuit. The paper shows that removal of the substrate beneath the patch can greatly improve the.
A standard double ridged horn antenna is used as a reference antenna. Improvement of efficiency parameter of a microstrip patch antenna operating at 2. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular ground plane, a ushaped feed probe, and an hshaped slot radiating patch. Book topics include discussion of arrays, spectral domain, high tc superconducting microstrip antennas, optimization, multiband, dual and circular polarization, microstrip to waveguide transitions, and improving bandwidth and resonance frequency. Figure 1 from radiationpattern improvement of patch antennas. Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna arrays. Applications of high dielectric constant with microstrip antennas are of rising. It is fed by a wideband microstrip balun, using a coupling triangular structure to induce. Figure 1 from radiationpattern improvement of patch. Rectangular patch antenna performances improvement employing. Q represents the losses associated with the antenna and a large q leads to narrow bandwidthand low efficiency. The objective in this section is the design of an infinite circular ebg slot patch antenna array. Microstrip patch antennas typically have radiation patterns containing unwanted sidelobes or local minima caused by surface waves, especially when fabricated on high dielectricconstant substrates. An individual microstrip antenna consists of a patch of metal foil of various shapes a patch antenna on the surface of a pcb printed circuit board, with a metal foil ground plane on the other side of the board.
Understanding the behaviour of the microstrip patch antenna. The radiation pattern can be represented in either cartesian or polar coordinates, as shown in figure 1. The following image shows a microstrip or patch antenna. Improving radiationpattern distortion of a patch antenna. Design of microstrip antenna array with suppressed back lobe. Impedance bandwidth and gain improvement for microstrip antenna using metamaterials han xiong 1, jingsong hong 1, yuehong peng 2 1 inst.
The array element patch antenna that has the similar radiation patterns as a rectangular horn is developed. The different parameters required are radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio, reflection coefficients etc. Since the conventional technology presents some limitations such as those in coupling between elements, stability, complexity, the new multilayered ebg slot patch antenna array has the aim to rectify some of these limitations. Radiation pattern improvement of a microstrip patch antenna. Performance improvement of microstrip antenna using ebg. Microstrip patch antennas are most widely used antenna in microwave. Keywords rectangular microstrip patch antenna, antenna feed, antenna radiation pattern. The proposed geometry provides improvement in other radiation.
Amc structures with a square, circular, or octagonal patch on a unit cell are designed and applied to circular microstrip. Microstrip patch antennas are used in modern communication systems due to their low cost, lightweight, and planar structure. Gain enhancement in microstrip patch antennas by replacing. Figure 2 present the simulated 2d cut view and 3d far zone eplane radiation patterns for this antenna. Isolation improvement of a microstrip patch array antenna. A microstrip patch that uses a thicker substrate is more efficient. Characteristics goals of conventional rectangular patch antenna frequency of operation 4. The radiation pattern of microstrip or patch antenna. A metal patch mounted at a ground level with a dielectric material inbetween constitutes a micro strip or patch antenna.
In the design of a microstrip patch array antenna, the radiating patch. The paper compares the proposed design with fourelement antennas fed with only seriesfed and corporatefed microstrip antennas. Pdf microstrip patch antennas have some limitations such as restricted bandwidth of operation, low gain and a potential decrease in radiation. Improvement of the performance of microstrip patch antenna. Hussein, and argy petros, senior member, ieee abstracta vhf microstrip patch antenna. Microstrip patch antenna design santa clara university. In the design of a microstrip patch array antenna, the radiating patch elements have to be placed in close proximity. Improvement of efficiency parameter of a microstrip patch. A dual band antenna and a microstrip fed patch antenna. The proposed antenna is a circular microstrip structure excited by four feeds and suspended with artificial magnetic conductors amcs. The use of two triangular structures for microstrip patch antennas to improve the bandwidth has been studied 21. The paper shows that removal of the substrate beneath the patch can greatly improve. Pdf improvement of microstrip antenna performance on thick and. Radiation pattern for e shape patch antenna figure 8.
The paper shows that removal of the substrate beneath the patch can greatly improve the pattern. Important technical progresses are summarized in the following. Beamwidth of an antenna is easily determined from its 2d radiation pattern and is also a very important parameter. However, a microstrip patch antenna has some disadvantages. In addition, as the substrate thickness increases, the radiation q of the antenna. Rectaangular microstrip patch antenna for wireless. Radiation efficiency, h, and unloaded radiation q, q o, as a functionof substrate thickness. The paper proposes a simple fourelement microstrip patch array antenna fed with corporateseries technique. Today they are used for government and commercial applications. Pdf radiation pattern improvement of a microstrip patch. Bandwidth improvement using slotted triangular microstrip patch antenna abhishek gautam, anil kumar, a. The patch of the antenna must be a very thin conductive region, t microstrip antenna has both reactive and resistive components.
Radiation pattern are comparable with improvement of 1db. Radiation is the term used to represent the emission or reception of wave front at the antenna, specifying its strength. This is in agreement with the theoretical radiation pattern. If the antenna had a 100% radiation efficiency, all directivity would be converted to gain. The patch antenna is a good place to start for antenna fundamentals with more coming. Antennas using patches as constitutive elements in an array are also possible. Microstrip patch antennas have become the favorite of antenna designers because of its versatility and advantages of planar profile, ease of fabrication, compatibility with integrated circuit technology, and conformability with a shaped surface. The presence of complex poles means that the imaginary parts of these poles account for the power loss by radiation and by dielectric and conduction losses. In this video, i have explained radiation pattern measurement by following outlines. Bandwidth improvement of microstrip crossed monopole antenna. In addition, circular geometry patch antennas are often more compact than rectangular geometry patch antennas. It usually consists of a metal patch on top of a grounded dielectric substrate. Aperture stacked microstrip antennas ieee transactions on antennas.
Normalized radiation pattern for microstrip patch antenna. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. Wideband unidirectional bowtie antenna with pattern improvement. The most common type of microstrip antenna is the patch antenna. The directivity of patch antennas is approximately 57 db. Unbalanced structures have also been used to design patch antennas to improve. Radiation pattern improvement of patch antennas on a largesize substrate using a compact softsurface structure and its. Conclusion micro strip antennas have become a rapidly growing area of research. Directivity and gain improvement for all antenna designs a. We will discuss later in this work more parameters of the antenna in connection with microstrip patch antenna like radiation pattern, efficiency, quality factor, directivity, gain, and more. A single square ring of the shorted quarterwavelength metal strips is employed to surround the patch antenna.
The figure below represents the radiation pattern of the microstrip antenna. The patch may be in a variety of shapes, but rectangular and circular are the most common. The multifeed circular microstrip antennas can generate a high circularly polarized performance by using a different feed arrangement. Patch antenna category is a curation of 10 web resources on, patch antenna for apt, the basics of patch antennas, patch antenna. The fundamentals of patch antenna design and performance. Generally, hemispherical coverage is provided by a patch antenna at an angle of 30. The field patterns are plotted as a function of electric and magnetic fields.
Gain enhancement in microstrip patch antennas by replacing conventional fr4 and rogers substrate with air substrate. Flexible and miniaturized design of microstrip patch antenna. Fourelement microstrip patch array antenna with corporate. This radiation pattern shows that the antenna radiates more power in a certain direction than another direction. Excitation coefficient of the patch array feed is obtained through the radiation pattern synthesis. Note that the antenna is fabricated on a standard rtduroid of permittivity 2. Pdf radiation pattern improvement of a microstrip patch antenna.
China 2 department of physics and electronic science, chuxiong normal university, chuxiong, 675000, p. By using compound techniques 19, a new type of stacked microstrip patch antenna that increases the frequency bandwidth has also been studied. What is microstrip antenna also called as patch antennas one of the most useful antennas at microwave frequencies f1 ghz it consists of a metal patch on top of a grounded dielectric substrate the patch may be in variety of shapes but circular and rectangular are the most common 3. Thus the microstrip patch radiation intensity depends on what direction you are facing it from it has gain and directivity. Rectangular microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications at 6.
Microstrip antenna an overview sciencedirect topics. We will discuss later in this work more parameters of the antenna in connection with microstrip patch antenna like radiation pattern. In any illustration, the sketch drawn to represent the radiation of an antenna is its radiation pattern. Also called patch antennas one of the most useful antennas at microwave frequencies f 1 ghz. Using the fractal technology,on sierpinski carpet antenna, return loss measurement, radiation pattern etc. These plots show simulated gain for the microstrip antenna with a singlelayer metamaterial lens at different values of distance d1. A variation of this technique, compatible with monolithic fabrication, is applied to. One can simply understand the function and directivity of an antenna by having a look at its radiation pattern. The study of microstrip patch antennas has made great progress in recent years. Measured radiation patterns of these types of antenna are comparable to that of a standard rectangular geometry patch antenna. These antennas consist of a metallic patch on a grounded substrate. The different parameters required are radiation pattern. The complete optimized parameters for the proposed antenna are offered in table 1. By adjusting the size of these structures, a dualband antenna.
538 290 1574 1390 1482 149 919 247 766 1050 992 308 1661 1112 1505 1496 816 1194 1659 953 1077 1287 777 193 3 1374 779 1124 635 1150